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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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90
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oct_dec
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1105205.000
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1994-02-27
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<text>
<title>
(Nov. 05, 1990) "We Gave At The Pump"
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Nov. 05, 1990 Reagan Memoirs
</history>
<link 00013>
<link -0001>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 52
"We Gave at the Pump"
</hdr><body>
<p>Oil companies tout their restraint, but many ring up big profits
</p>
<p> Are oil companies ripping off their customers? As the
gyrating price of crude sends quakes through the world economy,
consumers and politicians have hurled angry accusations that
Big Oil is using the crisis to maximize profits. Those
suspicions only grew stronger last week, when several leading
oil companies reported that their earnings rose sharply in the
July-September quarter. At Phillips Petroleum, profits more
than doubled, to $178 million. Unocal's earnings were up 53%,
to $121 million. The Justice Department and the Senate are
investigating oil pricing. And some legislators, notably
Senator Joseph Lieberman, a Connecticut Democrat, are calling
for a new windfall-profits tax. Said he: "The escalating price
of oil is the result of panic, speculation and price gouging
during a time of national crisis."
</p>
<p> Yet so far the criticism has not reached the fever pitch of
the 1970s, when Big Oil's "obscene" profits inspired a wave of
legislative controls. The oil companies contend that they have
heeded President Bush's admonition to show restraint at the gas
pump. In fact, while oil prices at the end of last week stood
at about $33 per bbl., or 65% higher than they were just before
Iraq invaded Kuwait, average U.S. gasoline prices were only 31%
higher, or $1.38 per gal. for unleaded regular. Said Holly
Hutchins, a spokesman for Shell Oil: "We gave up a considerable
amount at the pump to meet the President's request."
</p>
<p> Energy consumers complain, however, that Big Oil has been
less moderate in boosting prices of other products. Heating
fuel has risen about 45%, to 88 cents per gal. The biggest
run-up has occurred in jet fuel, which has zoomed 100%, to
$1.40 per gal. "Petroleum producers are reluctant to stick it
to the little guy, so I think they are attempting to shift more
of the expense to a place where the average consumer won't see
it immediately," contends David Messing, a spokesman for
Continental Airlines.
</p>
<p> At a time when the recessionary economy was hurting the
airlines anyway, the oil jolt has hit the industry particularly
hard. For Continental, the doubling of fuel prices increased
monthly expenses by $80 million. To pass along some of their
higher costs, several carriers boosted airfares last week for
the third time since August. Still, the higher fuel prices seem
certain to intensify airline industry consolidation as weaker
companies falter. Continental, which filed for bankruptcy in
1982, narrowly avoided a second reorganization last week when
its management decided instead to consider selling planes and
other assets. Pan Am meanwhile agreed to sell some of its few
remaining crown jewels -- principally its London routes and
gates -- to United for $400 million.
</p>
<p> In the oil industry, not all companies have profited
handsomely from the rise in crude prices. The big winners are
mostly firms that own large petroleum reserves as well as those
that sell large amounts of gasoline or oil products to others
at wholesale. Arco, for example, which controls a large stake
in Alaska's North Slope, enjoyed third-quarter earnings of $462
million, up 22% from last year. Some companies were losers
because they lack major reserves but operate large retail
networks of gas stations. Mobil, which buys an unusually high
proportion (60%) of its crude oil from other companies,
suffered a profit slump of 29%, to $379 million for the
quarter.
</p>
<p> Nonetheless, consumer advocates charge that some oil
companies are hiding their profits and delaying their windfalls
through imaginative accounting methods. Said Edwin Rothschild,
the energy policy director for Citizen Action: "We're likely
to see some fat profits in the fourth quarter." The oil
companies dispute that charge. "It's all there in our earnings
statement for everybody to see. There's no hocus-pocus," said
Michael Thompson, an Amoco spokesman. Even as they pay more for
fuel, consumers should take consolation in the effect of their
griping. If not for the public scrutiny, gasoline prices would
no doubt be higher.
</p>
<p>By Janice Castro. Reported by Thomas McCarroll/New York and
Richard Woodbury/Houston.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>